nangyōkugyō
1. penance; hardship
Expression
#142673
1. penance; hardship
1. penance; austerities
2. difficult work; strenuous task
1. high-ranking court noble; senior court official
2. three lords and nine ministers (of the ancient Chinese government)
1. ascetic
1. penance
1. the hard way; striving for enlightenment through one's own efforts (as opposed to reliance on Amitabha) — explanation
1. silpasthanavidya (ancient Indian study of the arts, incl. mathematics and mechanics)
1. Ascetic; Austere
1. Was not ascetic practice.; Was not hardship.
1. Probably hardship.; Probably asceticism.